FidelityConnects: Denise Chisholm: Sector watch – March 5, 2026
Denise Chisholm, Director of Quantitative Market Strategy, brings her unique insights and perspectives on the sectors to watch in global markets.
Transcript
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<b>Hello, and welcome to Fidelity Connects.</b>
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<b>I'm Pamela Ritchie. Oil prices rallied as tensions rise</b>
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<b>in the Middle East. We're seeing new concerns about</b>
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<b>potential disruption across the global energy</b>
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<b>markets. Brent Crude we've seen has been jumping</b>
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<b>throughout the week underscoring the sensitivity of</b>
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<b>energy markets to geopolitical uncertainty.</b>
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<b>Now, as market participants watch closely to see how</b>
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<b>equity markets are reacting, kind of in both directions</b>
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<b>depending on the day, our next guest says that history</b>
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<b>shows geopolitical shocks rarely derail</b>
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<b>long term equity returns.</b>
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<b>Does this time look different?</b>
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<b>Joining us here today for historical data-driven</b>
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<b>looks at energy and geopolitical uncertainty is</b>
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<b>Fidelity Director of Quantitative Market Strategy, Denise</b>
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<b>Chisholm. A warm welcome to you, Denise.</b>
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<b>How are you today?</b>
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<b>I'm well, how are you, Pamela?</b>
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<b>Very well, thank you.</b>
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<b>We are watching very closely all kinds of things</b>
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<b>swirl in the world markets right now.</b>
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<b>I wonder if we begin just with, you'll</b>
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<b>take us through the history of shocks, the history of shock</b>
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<b>goes to talking about the question of inflation usually.</b>
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<b>I guess the concern is where does inflation go from</b>
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<b>here? You've told us it's been disinflationary for lots of</b>
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<b>good reasons for a while, has everything changed?</b>
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<b>No. We'll see in terms of the duration of oil prices</b>
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<b>but I think that at the heart of it is geopolitical crises</b>
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<b>aren't always involving oil.</b>
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<b>When you think about geopolitical events or crises or wars</b>
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<b>that doesn't always lead to a sustainable increase in</b>
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<b>the price of oil or a sustainable increase</b>
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<b>in overall inflation.</b>
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<b>I do think when you look historically, interestingly</b>
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<b>enough, if you look at all these geopolitical risks, even</b>
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<b>when they come through oil, it doesn't always</b>
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<b>lead to a more restrictive Fed or an overall</b>
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<b>increase in inflation.</b>
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<b>Part of that is because it doesn't always seep through to</b>
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<b>the core CPI, or PCE deflator the</b>
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<b>Federal Reserve watches, if it is not durable</b>
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<b>and sustainable.</b>
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<b>What we learned even when Russia invaded Ukraine and</b>
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<b>certainly in the Gulf War is that spikes happen</b>
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<b>on the upside and they also happen very quickly</b>
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<b>on the downside.</b>
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<b>A lot of what we've seen in history is not durable and</b>
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<b>sustainable and if it is not it doesn't have an impact</b>
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<b>on inflation and doesn't have a long term impact on the</b>
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<b>Fed.</b>
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<b>On the Fed. Maybe we just clarify, everyone knows</b>
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<b>that generally you're looking and have a more bullish</b>
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<b>perspective on the US equity story,</b>
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<b>it is quite a gap between what the oil price inflation</b>
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<b>question might be for Europe, for instance, and for other</b>
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<b>international markets versus the US.</b>
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<b>I wonder if you can just point to has it always been this</b>
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<b>way, how different it is right now?</b>
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<b>It hasn't always been this way. I mean, the interesting</b>
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<b>thing is the bull case on international, in so far as I</b>
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<b>understand it because I'm not a bull on international, the</b>
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<b>stocks are cheap and it looks to be they're fundamentally</b>
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<b>changing in terms of better GDP growth ahead</b>
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<b>because they're investing more in their defence</b>
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<b>infrastructure and investing overall.</b>
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<b>The problem I have with the argument, when you look at the</b>
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<b>data you haven't wanted to own international stocks</b>
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<b>when they're cheap because they sustainably have been</b>
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<b>a value trap, meaning that they go on</b>
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<b>to underearn their US peers even if you</b>
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<b>think it's going to be different this time.</b>
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<b>Maybe it will be different this time but we're not seeing</b>
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<b>it sustainably in the earnings growth.</b>
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<b>You're seeing a pickup in earnings growth in the US and</b>
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<b>you're seeing the flatlining in earnings, growth in</b>
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<b>certainly EAFE, certainly Europe, and</b>
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<b>to a less extent Japan.</b>
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<b>You're already starting to see that that pickup or</b>
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<b>that gap closure isn't happening, which</b>
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<b>again, from a statistical perspective leads you to believe,</b>
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<b>well, we are still in the throes of a risk</b>
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<b>of Europe or international stocks being a value trap.</b>
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<b>Now add in energy exposure.</b>
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<b>What's different this time versus the '70s and '80s,</b>
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<b>what I think a lot of people go back to with the oil</b>
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<b>embargo, could it end up like the '70's and '80's, it's</b>
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<b>structurally different from a production perspective this</b>
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<b>time, especially in the US.</b>
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<b>So during the '70s and '80s during the oil embargo period</b>
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<b>OPEC was producing twice as much as the OECD</b>
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<b>or their counterparts outside the Middle East were</b>
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<b>producing. Now they're actually on par.</b>
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<b>The OECD production is about in line</b>
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<b>with OPEC, which is fairly rare historically, and</b>
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<b>it's all based on US shales.</b>
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<b>For the first time in the data that I have going back to</b>
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<b>the '70s the US is actually a net exporter of energy</b>
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<b>which is massively different than anything that we saw in</b>
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<b>the '70's and '80's.</b>
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<b>Consumption, so energy, goods</b>
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<b>and services, the percentage of income, the US consumer was</b>
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<b>spending 7 to 8% of their income on energy,</b>
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<b>goods and services. Now it's 3.</b>
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<b>We're net exporters which creates a completely</b>
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<b>different framework for where we stand during an</b>
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<b>energy crisis in terms of defence or offence.</b>
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<b>So yes, it is yet another headwind, I would</b>
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<b>say, for Europe stocks specifically and for international</b>
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<b>stocks to increase the odds that what we're</b>
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<b>seeing is them still being a value trap because</b>
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<b>the sustainable growth that you're expecting doesn't look</b>
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<b>to be on the horizon.</b>
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<b>That is fascinating, especially if you take energy away</b>
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<b>or rattle its energy foundation.</b>
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<b>Any economy working through needing an energy foundation to</b>
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<b>be stable is going to be hit by this except</b>
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<b>for, as you say, some very key producing</b>
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<b>countries like the United States.</b>
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<b>Does it rattle the international versus ...</b>
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<b>does it take you back to buy America?</b>
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<b>Yes, my base case is yes.</b>
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<b>I think that it's increasing the odds that what you</b>
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<b>have seen outside the US is actually</b>
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<b>a value trap, meaning it's going to weigh on earnings</b>
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<b>growth which means that valuation isn't going to be</b>
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<b>statistically supportive because it hasn't been in the past</b>
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<b>because the market understands that over the long term</b>
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<b>Europe, Japan, EAFE broadly, underearns</b>
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<b>their US peers by about 3.5%.</b>
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<b>That's median to median, forget technology for a second,</b>
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<b>the median industrial company in Europe underearns their</b>
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<b>industrial US peers by about 350 basis</b>
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<b>points and it's more every cycle.</b>
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<b>To the extent that there is a problem in the energy</b>
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<b>markets and it's more durable this time, that is going</b>
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<b>to weigh on Europe much more than it's going to weigh on</b>
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<b>America.</b>
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<b>Valuation, statistically speaking historically, doesn't</b>
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<b>help you.</b>
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<b>It doesn't help you, statistically speaking.</b>
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<b>It doesn't matter how cheap it is because it's cheap</b>
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<b>for a reason.</b>
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<b>It could always be different. I mean, 10% odds aren't 0%</b>
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<b>odds.</b>
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<b>In some ways you all ask me to provide the data and the</b>
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<b>data makes me wonder and worry</b>
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<b>whether yet again you are seeing the same</b>
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<b>thing where we see an international stock rally and at the</b>
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<b>end of the day it is fruitless because there is no</b>
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<b>sustainable, durable earnings growth that's better than the</b>
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<b>US.</b>
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<b>There's questions about revenue and</b>
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<b>GDP for the US that come into this story</b>
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<b>and you wonder just sort of the growth story for the US</b>
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<b>if there is more of a thrust for buy America for</b>
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<b>these reasons. I mean, there was perhaps for other reasons</b>
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<b>at other times but we'll keep a close eye on</b>
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<b>that. Energy in terms of a sector,</b>
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<b>does it get any closer to leadership?</b>
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<b>You've been not so interested in energy for some time</b>
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<b>now, does this change things?</b>
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<b>No, it doesn't change things and I'll tell you why.</b>
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<b>I can't tell you if I'm right or wrong, obviously I don't</b>
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<b>have a crystal ball, but I will tell you why I think what I</b>
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<b>think. During energy crises what you usually see</b>
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<b>more often than not from the 12 months</b>
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<b>following you usually see crude fall and</b>
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<b>you usually see energy stocks underperform.</b>
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<b>Remember, the market, we just talked about, it is</b>
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<b>structurally different in terms of supply and demand</b>
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<b>dynamics right now. The US is a net exporter and</b>
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<b>shales produce and they produce at scale.</b>
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<b>The higher the oil price goes the more likely it is to</b>
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<b>call supply which means that the market resolves</b>
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<b>the price issue much faster than it would in</b>
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<b>something like the '70s and '80s.</b>
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<b>That's why you see this, in some ways, asymmetrical odds,</b>
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<b>meaning that the more energy outperforms the more it likely</b>
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<b>it has been a shock, the more you likely you want to sell</b>
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<b>it not buy it.</b>
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<b>I am not prone to chase.</b>
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<b>All of that said, I mean, I don't work at a hedge fund, I</b>
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<b>work at a long term-oriented asset manager, we're</b>
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<b>looking at 12-month time horizon so could it</b>
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<b>happen over the next month or two that energy continues</b>
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<b>to outperform? Absolutely.</b>
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<b>But I would look to be taking the other side of that</b>
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<b>as it does, not to chase it for a</b>
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<b>long term leadership or a sustainable holding.</b>
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<b>That is fascinating because it seems like a lot of people</b>
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<b>might think it would be the exact opposite of</b>
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<b>that. You mentioned tech just a minute ago, let's go there.</b>
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<b>Until a few days ago that was all</b>
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<b>we talked about and where it was going and the disruption</b>
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<b>that AI has provided across, really, a swath of</b>
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<b>industries and watching them get a bit</b>
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<b>taken out.</b>
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<b>Tell us a bit about other tech sell-offs.</b>
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<b>There's been some in very recent history and</b>
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<b>there's some that go back further.</b>
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<b>Feels different this time to a lot of people but tell us</b>
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<b>about the precedent.</b>
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<b>Some things are different this time and some things are</b>
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<b>very similar. I like the data.</b>
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<b>The data, we saw this in the tariff tantrum.</b>
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<b>We saw a massive derating of technology</b>
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<b>stocks. They put it down to basically median levels on</b>
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<b>a relative forward P/E basis going back to the '60s</b>
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<b>and that usually increases your risk-reward.</b>
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<b>We're well below those levels now.</b>
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<b>We're at the 38th percentile, the valuation</b>
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<b>of technology stocks.</b>
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<b>Again, back to is this a bubble, it's hard to call anything</b>
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<b>a bubble now when you're in the bottom half of the</b>
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<b>distribution for valuation.</b>
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<b>The interesting part from a starting point perspective, the</b>
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<b>bottom half of the distribution on valuation, it increases</b>
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<b>your risk-reward even if fundamentals turn against you.</b>
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<b>From this 38th percentile you have roughly</b>
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<b>70% odds of outperformance.</b>
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<b>Generally speaking, you would expect tech to outperform</b>
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<b>over the next 12 months.</b>
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<b>70 is not 100% odds but your risk-reward is favourable.</b>
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<b>Your risk-reward is favourable even if margins decline,</b>
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<b>which is to say that if you're concerned about</b>
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<b>AI and the software franchise, which I'll get to in a</b>
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<b>second,</b>
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<b>or CapEx expenditures sort of being a</b>
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<b>problem for free cash flow or being a problem for operating</b>
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<b>margins, some of that is already priced in.</b>
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<b>Your starting point is now much more advantageous.</b>
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<b>To me this looks like a shakeout that makes it</b>
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<b>more sustainable that technology is ultimate leadership.</b>
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<b>I will say that we have seen very rare data</b>
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<b>around the software franchise.</b>
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<b>It is rare that you see operating</b>
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<b>margins and, again, I'm going percentile rank for the</b>
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<b>software sector, 100th percentile.</b>
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<b>Operating margins have never been higher in the software</b>
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<b>industry.</b>
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<b>They are making money.</b>
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<b>Yes, they are making plenty of money.</b>
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<b>Now, given the shock, the relative forward P/E,</b>
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<b>and this is true for relative operating margins as well,</b>
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<b>but relative forward P/E is in the 14th percentile.</b>
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<b>That gap of 75%, if you look across</b>
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<b>all of the industries over all of time periods we</b>
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<b>have it only happens 2% of the time.</b>
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<b>It is very rare.</b>
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<b>Now, look, that 2% of the time, I work in probabilities and</b>
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<b>data, it's a coin flip as to whether or not that's</b>
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<b>a buy. I think that you could say, well, it's not a buy</b>
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<b>signal. The interesting part for me is it's not a sell</b>
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<b>signal either.</b>
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<b>On average once you reach that dislocation like,</b>
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<b>yeah, who doesn't know operating margins are going to come</b>
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<b>down when you're in sort of almost the bottom decile</b>
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<b>of valuation, so much of that is priced in</b>
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<b>there's not a whole lot of downside.</b>
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<b>Now, the additional interesting part is of those 2%</b>
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<b>of the time that you have it happen it's usually in a</b>
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<b>cyclical industry, transportation infrastructure or</b>
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<b>something like that, machinery, roads</b>
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<b>and rails, but you do see it in technology more often</b>
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<b>than not in semiconductors and hardware.</b>
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<b>When you've seen this dislocation in technology</b>
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<b>you actually have better than 50/50 odds.</b>
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<b>So it is very different this time.</b>
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<b>The differences, to me, say the downside</b>
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<b>might be limited in the dislocation area of the market</b>
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<b>that's software, and the rest of technology,</b>
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<b>which still looks like a beneficiary from the AI trade,</b>
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<b>is still in a positive risk-reward.</b>
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<b>Now, that doesn't mean that technology is the only sector</b>
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<b>that's going to go on to outperform.</b>
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<b>I do think that there's better areas of leadership, we've</b>
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<b>talked about industrials in the past, but I think</b>
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<b>technology, to me statistically, doesn't look so bad.</b>
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<b>This is even though... at least for</b>
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<b>software when you're talking about the operating margins</b>
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<b>which look great there seems to be</b>
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<b>this discussion of how long that's going to last.</b>
[00:13:11.360]
<b>Is this a discussion for this is great leadership</b>
[00:13:14.600]
<b>and so on for 12 months but then</b>
[00:13:17.760]
<b>it catches up with them?</b>
[00:13:19.600]
<b>What do you think?</b>
[00:13:21.480]
<b>I think it depends on the creative</b>
[00:13:24.640]
<b>destruction in software.</b>
[00:13:26.240]
<b>Remember that technology as a sector has been</b>
[00:13:29.360]
<b>able to remake itself many times in</b>
[00:13:32.320]
<b>the past. Even when I look at the data the software that I</b>
[00:13:35.040]
<b>call today is very different than the software of the</b>
[00:13:37.040]
<b>2000s, which is very different than the software of the</b>
[00:13:39.160]
<b>'70s.</b>
[00:13:40.960]
<b>All of those software cycles at some point went extinct</b>
[00:13:44.000]
<b>and it turned into new software or new</b>
[00:13:47.160]
<b>whatever service providing solutions as</b>
[00:13:50.440]
<b>it were. It has been a sector that's changed</b>
[00:13:53.440]
<b>its stripes and that's why you see it in the data.</b>
[00:13:56.120]
<b>When there's a shock and when, yes, everything's profitable</b>
[00:13:59.040]
<b>right now but there is an intervention or a shock that</b>
[00:14:02.000]
<b>may end up having creative destruction roots,</b>
[00:14:05.480]
<b>what you do see is a sector that has historically speaking</b>
[00:14:08.800]
<b>been able to restart itself.</b>
[00:14:12.080]
<b>Yes, the duration matters but it also matters how</b>
[00:14:15.400]
<b>productive the companies within it</b>
[00:14:18.440]
<b>are. Yes, some companies will not be there but new</b>
[00:14:21.120]
<b>companies may also be created.</b>
[00:14:23.440]
<b>So you've got clients using software companies and those</b>
[00:14:26.360]
<b>software companies themselves may become far more efficient</b>
[00:14:29.040]
<b>at doing their jobs for clients.</b>
[00:14:31.680]
<b>That is sort of the hope.</b>
[00:14:35.120]
<b>That's really interesting.</b>
[00:14:36.720]
<b>They are priced, I think you said before, as if they are</b>
[00:14:39.560]
<b>going away.</b>
[00:14:40.920]
<b>Is that right, like, that's how low.</b>
[00:14:44.480]
<b>Yes, a 75% gap between your percentile rank on how</b>
[00:14:47.640]
<b>profitable you are and your valuation, I would call that</b>
[00:14:50.760]
<b>you're priced like you're going under.</b>
[00:14:54.320]
<b>That's a fascinating place to look.</b>
[00:14:57.400]
<b>Let's talk about some of the other sectors.</b>
[00:14:58.880]
<b>You have mentioned industrials before.</b>
[00:15:00.800]
<b>We've also talked about how some of the tech leaders and</b>
[00:15:03.680]
<b>the hyperscalers and so on have changed their</b>
[00:15:06.720]
<b>stripes a little bit. They're getting into other</b>
[00:15:08.040]
<b>businesses, in some cases, hard assets for the energy</b>
[00:15:11.280]
<b>side of what they're trying to do, and</b>
[00:15:14.440]
<b>kind of the beneficiaries on that side, industrials is</b>
[00:15:17.440]
<b>part of it because they've got to dig and build and do a</b>
[00:15:20.520]
<b>lot of stuff to get this tech transition moving</b>
[00:15:23.640]
<b>whether we've overpaid for it or not.</b>
[00:15:27.680]
<b>I think tech CapEx has been part of the</b>
[00:15:30.800]
<b>cycle that we have seen thus far in terms of supporting</b>
[00:15:33.760]
<b>overall CapEx in the US economy but it hasn't been the</b>
[00:15:36.880]
<b>entirety of the story, which is why you see manufacturing</b>
[00:15:39.560]
<b>diffusion indices below 50, you have</b>
[00:15:42.680]
<b>for the last three years, meaning that outside</b>
[00:15:45.680]
<b>tech CapEx that was power specific you have not</b>
[00:15:48.720]
<b>seen a broad resurgence of the manufacturing</b>
[00:15:52.200]
<b>economy or industrial production.</b>
[00:15:54.280]
<b>You are finally now seeing that take hold.</b>
[00:15:56.840]
<b>We saw a massive inflection in new orders which</b>
[00:15:59.920]
<b>usually means that a manufacturing recovery is sustainable</b>
[00:16:03.200]
<b>and durable. Now, this all makes sense so you can't just</b>
[00:16:06.080]
<b>say, oh, you're just betting on hope and just one data</b>
[00:16:08.160]
<b>point, this all make a lot of sense with what we</b>
[00:16:11.280]
<b>saw last year in terms of the tax cut was</b>
[00:16:14.400]
<b>effectively a 700 basis point tax cut specifically</b>
[00:16:18.000]
<b>designed for R&D and bonus depreciation,</b>
[00:16:20.960]
<b>meaning that companies should invest more.</b>
[00:16:23.680]
<b>We are seeing those incentives actually play out.</b>
[00:16:27.200]
<b>Again, you've seen the Federal Reserve cut interest rates</b>
[00:16:30.160]
<b>as inflation has slowed.</b>
[00:16:31.920]
<b>I do think that's still my base case for this year.</b>
[00:16:34.520]
<b>What was more important was that the level is much</b>
[00:16:37.520]
<b>more rational.</b>
[00:16:39.040]
<b>Instead of being 5 1/2% in terms of the</b>
[00:16:42.200]
<b>Fed now we're arguing about should it be 3,</b>
[00:16:45.240]
<b>should it be 3 1/2?</b>
[00:16:46.640]
<b>You're in the zone.</b>
[00:16:48.800]
<b>Interest rates are much more modestly priced for</b>
[00:16:52.080]
<b>additional CapEx expenditures.</b>
[00:16:54.000]
<b>When you have better interest rates and you have a tax</b>
[00:16:56.640]
<b>incentive you are now finally seeing a manufacturing</b>
[00:16:59.920]
<b>... it's not really a renaissance because I don't expect</b>
[00:17:02.200]
<b>massive gangbusters growth, it's not going to run it hot</b>
[00:17:05.720]
<b>but it's finally something that is inflecting higher after</b>
[00:17:09.360]
<b>three years of basically being in a malaise.</b>
[00:17:13.240]
<b>For the most part when I look through history this</b>
[00:17:16.280]
<b>is more often true, there's a symmetry, meaning that</b>
[00:17:19.280]
<b>if you had a contraction for three years you are more</b>
[00:17:21.960]
<b>likely to have a recovery that is lasting and durable.</b>
[00:17:25.720]
<b>I think that that's the key part because we are seeing that</b>
[00:17:28.440]
<b>more and more. That gets to this it's just a</b>
[00:17:31.520]
<b>grind it out economy. We keep having all of these shocks,</b>
[00:17:34.240]
<b>and I think in a year we'll list another couple, we keep</b>
[00:17:37.080]
<b>having these shocks but they don't produce enough downside</b>
[00:17:39.920]
<b>for a recession and they make the cycle last longer because</b>
[00:17:43.240]
<b>there's no excesses, there's no overall inflation,</b>
[00:17:46.320]
<b>nothing is running hot, and that extends the cycle and</b>
[00:17:49.360]
<b>extends the secular bull market.</b>
[00:17:51.320]
<b>Better to have the implosion and build back, essentially,</b>
[00:17:55.920]
<b>in terms of being able to have sustainable valuations.</b>
[00:18:01.840]
<b>We have jobs coming out end of this week,</b>
[00:18:04.840]
<b>won't ask you to go too far into that, I'm just kind of</b>
[00:18:07.080]
<b>curious of sort of these sustainable building blocks that</b>
[00:18:10.240]
<b>you've taken us through, you've taken us through the</b>
[00:18:13.400]
<b>wage story a couple of different times, just</b>
[00:18:16.840]
<b>broadly outline what you think the economy</b>
[00:18:19.800]
<b>needs in the US to sustain and not rattle</b>
[00:18:23.200]
<b>that piece of the Fed's decision making.</b>
[00:18:28.080]
<b>I think the US economy is on good enough footing</b>
[00:18:31.320]
<b>right now. I think that the Fed is in a stable enough place</b>
[00:18:34.480]
<b>where I'm not sure the market or the economy needs them</b>
[00:18:37.640]
<b>to cut to the extent that they can cut because</b>
[00:18:40.840]
<b>inflation continues to decelerate, all the better.</b>
[00:18:43.840]
<b>However, if inflation does end up</b>
[00:18:46.800]
<b>staying stickier or ends up higher, if it is a function</b>
[00:18:49.840]
<b>of growth, that's also not a bad part for the market.</b>
[00:18:54.320]
<b>That's why I think there's not a lot of downside when you</b>
[00:18:57.400]
<b>really look at interest rates, the why is more important.</b>
[00:19:00.000]
<b>If the Fed is either raising, I don't think that they would</b>
[00:19:03.000]
<b>raise interest rates, but is not lowering interest rates to</b>
[00:19:05.280]
<b>the extent that we want them to as investors,</b>
[00:19:08.480]
<b>because there is growth that's usually not a problem.</b>
[00:19:11.960]
<b>The market's priced off of growth and that's the key.</b>
[00:19:15.560]
<b>I think that what we've seen is pretty mediocre growth over</b>
[00:19:18.760]
<b>the last three years, certainly over the last year, as much</b>
[00:19:21.520]
<b>as people are saying, well, the quarter-on-quarter</b>
[00:19:23.760]
<b>seasonally adjusted was almost 4% for GDP, and</b>
[00:19:27.480]
<b>then you saw the quarter-on-quarter for the seasonally</b>
[00:19:29.920]
<b>adjusted for the first quarter was much lower than</b>
[00:19:31.800]
<b>expected. On a year-on-year basis they're both about 2%,</b>
[00:19:35.720]
<b>which is what we used to consider stall speed.</b>
[00:19:37.920]
<b>This is not a fully</b>
[00:19:40.840]
<b>inflecting economy.</b>
[00:19:42.360]
<b>I do expect that it's going to be hitting on more cylinders</b>
[00:19:45.680]
<b>over the course of the next year but I think that when you</b>
[00:19:48.080]
<b>consider what could that bring GDP to, maybe it's</b>
[00:19:51.320]
<b>3, maybe it just over 3, it's not something</b>
[00:19:54.400]
<b>like we used to talk about in the '90s</b>
[00:19:58.160]
<b>like 4 1/2% real or 5% real. I think we're a long way from</b>
[00:20:00.200]
<b>running it hot but we are a way into</b>
[00:20:04.640]
<b>making this a durable cycle.</b>
[00:20:07.960]
<b>That's really interesting in terms of the growth itself</b>
[00:20:11.120]
<b>and where it goes because you wonder about sort</b>
[00:20:14.080]
<b>of the global shocks that go on from what we're seeing in</b>
[00:20:17.080]
<b>the Middle East and ultimately what that does to</b>
[00:20:20.080]
<b>perhaps a more global inflationary story and really central</b>
[00:20:22.680]
<b>banks around the world rather than the Fed question mark</b>
[00:20:25.800]
<b>and what it can or needs to do.</b>
[00:20:28.280]
<b>It does seem like other central banks are really</b>
[00:20:31.640]
<b>at the ready for inflation.</b>
[00:20:35.600]
<b>The interesting part about geopolitical shocks as</b>
[00:20:38.640]
<b>it relates to oil, I mean, we can look at the oil embargo</b>
[00:20:41.480]
<b>in the '70s and '80s and you can say, okay, there was a</b>
[00:20:43.760]
<b>sustainable crude shock that led to inflation.</b>
[00:20:47.240]
<b>You can kind of say the same thing with Russia and Ukraine.</b>
[00:20:49.360]
<b>The interesting part about both of those is</b>
[00:20:52.560]
<b>that it ended up in something else.</b>
[00:20:54.680]
<b>It started with oil prices but</b>
[00:20:57.880]
<b>it ended with a wage price spiral in the '70s and</b>
[00:21:01.000]
<b>ended with supply chain disruptions, really</b>
[00:21:04.000]
<b>from the reopening from COVID.</b>
[00:21:05.480]
<b>Like I said, oil prices were down 20%.</b>
[00:21:08.360]
<b>If you looked at the day Russia invaded Ukraine and said,</b>
[00:21:11.360]
<b>I'm going to buy oil prices and I'm going to wake up a year</b>
[00:21:13.600]
<b>later you lost 20%, you actually</b>
[00:21:16.600]
<b>lost money. That's what I mean, oil price</b>
[00:21:19.680]
<b>shocks are very rarely inflationary,</b>
[00:21:23.200]
<b>sustainably inflationary and sustainably change the</b>
[00:21:26.280]
<b>landscape. It's almost like they act like a tariff, meaning</b>
[00:21:28.920]
<b>they act like a tax. They act like a shock.</b>
[00:21:31.480]
<b>It does the reverse thing that you think it would.</b>
[00:21:33.800]
<b>It reduces your real income if you're a consumer which</b>
[00:21:36.560]
<b>means I'm more price sensitive not less price sensitive,</b>
[00:21:39.320]
<b>and now in today's oil structure</b>
[00:21:42.280]
<b>it calls more supply.</b>
[00:21:44.360]
<b>With OECD producing as much as OPEC,</b>
[00:21:47.360]
<b>they produce at all economically viable production.</b>
[00:21:50.120]
<b>If you're talking about 80 to $100</b>
[00:21:53.240]
<b>oil everything becomes economic,</b>
[00:21:56.280]
<b>maybe not everything but many things become economic that</b>
[00:21:59.200]
<b>haven't been in the past.</b>
[00:22:00.840]
<b>What you see is it calls supply quicker and quicker each</b>
[00:22:03.360]
<b>cycle. That's why I think as much as it's</b>
[00:22:07.480]
<b>disturbing to see the energy price spike,</b>
[00:22:10.640]
<b>the more it spikes the less sustainable it likely is.</b>
[00:22:14.360]
<b>Price actually cures price, high prices cure</b>
[00:22:17.320]
<b>high prices.</b>
[00:22:18.120]
<b>But as you mentioned, sometimes things show up elsewhere</b>
[00:22:20.680]
<b>and that's often a knock-on effect in any economy.</b>
[00:22:25.720]
<b>Given what the economy has been working through with</b>
[00:22:28.840]
<b>questions about some private credit, not all of it, but</b>
[00:22:31.840]
<b>overinvestment maybe in AI, we don't know, and</b>
[00:22:34.920]
<b>the interworkings of that then saddled with</b>
[00:22:38.160]
<b>what looks like an oil shock internationally,</b>
[00:22:41.160]
<b>certainly, maybe not to the US ultimately, when you sort</b>
[00:22:44.120]
<b>of put things together and have building blocks, I'd just</b>
[00:22:47.200]
<b>turn it back to you, can you still see the growth, can you</b>
[00:22:49.440]
<b>see the powering through here of equity markets.</b>
[00:22:52.280]
<b>It's interesting. I always say Goldilocks actually has</b>
[00:22:55.360]
<b>the highest odds. The way you just articulated it it seems</b>
[00:22:58.040]
<b>like the global economy would sort of cripple under</b>
[00:23:01.240]
<b>all of that pressure.</b>
[00:23:02.760]
<b>I think because they are in pockets, what you</b>
[00:23:05.960]
<b>see is in pockets, and rolling shocks, we</b>
[00:23:09.920]
<b>see that historically all the time.</b>
[00:23:11.280]
<b>We saw it with the banking crisis in, what was that,</b>
[00:23:14.480]
<b>2023.</b>
[00:23:15.920]
<b>You think, well, the US can't possibly grow through a</b>
[00:23:19.080]
<b>banking crisis, and yet we did.</b>
[00:23:22.400]
<b>When you think about private credit, well, private credit</b>
[00:23:25.080]
<b>is less than half of all credit in the</b>
[00:23:28.280]
<b>US, what if we had deregulation in the banking system that</b>
[00:23:30.640]
<b>made it more likely that banks were actually going to take</b>
[00:23:32.840]
<b>share? That's possible.</b>
[00:23:34.520]
<b>I think that we always uniquely focus on</b>
[00:23:37.760]
<b>all of the headwinds but forget about</b>
[00:23:40.880]
<b>all of the tailwinds.</b>
[00:23:42.320]
<b>I think that's what history shows you, recessions are</b>
[00:23:45.000]
<b>really rare.</b>
[00:23:46.320]
<b>As much as you want to focus on those headwinds you must</b>
[00:23:49.400]
<b>sort of pull yourself back to what</b>
[00:23:52.400]
<b>could go right.</b>
[00:23:53.920]
<b>I think that that's the way you want to think when the VIX</b>
[00:23:56.640]
<b>is closer to 30, which is where we've been-ish</b>
[00:24:00.160]
<b>every time we have a shock.</b>
[00:24:01.440]
<b>That's top decile VIX you see more fear in the equity</b>
[00:24:04.560]
<b>market, you're still seeing not a lot of fear in the</b>
[00:24:07.040]
<b>overall credit market even with technology actually</b>
[00:24:10.280]
<b>creeping a little wider in the investment credit space.</b>
[00:24:13.000]
<b>Overall, credit's fine.</b>
[00:24:14.680]
<b>There maybe are pockets that are weaker but it's not</b>
[00:24:16.880]
<b>sustainably weaker across the board.</b>
[00:24:18.800]
<b>There's more fear on the equity market.</b>
[00:24:20.400]
<b>The more you see that mathematically the more likely it is</b>
[00:24:23.520]
<b>that the market is likely to climb the wall of worry</b>
[00:24:26.720]
<b>as opposed to have something like a meaningful,</b>
[00:24:30.280]
<b>sustainable downtrend in capital.</b>
[00:24:32.120]
<b>I think you need to put it somewhere very, I don't know if</b>
[00:24:34.280]
<b>it's at the top of your computer or somewhere else, but you</b>
[00:24:37.120]
<b>need to put Goldilocks, it has highest odds.</b>
[00:24:40.520]
<b>Is that yours? I feel like that's yours.</b>
[00:24:43.120]
<b>You should brand that.</b>
[00:24:44.320]
<b>I didn't take it from somebody else.</b>
[00:24:46.080]
<b>I really think that's fabulous, and</b>
[00:24:49.240]
<b>uplifting as well.</b>
[00:24:51.320]
<b>Take us through in our last few minutes, we'll go through</b>
[00:24:53.760]
<b>top sectors, bottom sectors.</b>
[00:24:55.800]
<b>You have laid out a number</b>
[00:24:58.840]
<b>of reasons for why for each of these but let's just go</b>
[00:25:01.520]
<b>through the actual.</b>
[00:25:04.280]
<b>Industrials would be the top still.</b>
[00:25:06.240]
<b>We talked about it last week or two weeks ago, whenever we</b>
[00:25:08.520]
<b>spoke, and I do think it's the sustainable and durable</b>
[00:25:11.280]
<b>industrial recovery, which means that industrial production</b>
[00:25:13.880]
<b>is likely to grow faster than consumption which is</b>
[00:25:17.080]
<b>historically rare, happens less than 20% of the time, and</b>
[00:25:19.800]
<b>usually gives a sustainable boost to industrials.</b>
[00:25:22.640]
<b>Industrials is a tricky sector.</b>
[00:25:23.960]
<b>I think if you wanted to own the overall sector you don't</b>
[00:25:26.840]
<b>get a lot of bang for your buck in terms of cyclicality.</b>
[00:25:29.520]
<b>You have to be pretty specific.</b>
[00:25:31.360]
<b>Machinery and transports look really interesting to</b>
[00:25:34.440]
<b>me in terms of the starting point on valuation and the</b>
[00:25:37.560]
<b>starting point in terms of the manufacturing recovery.</b>
[00:25:39.960]
<b>So, industrials is number one, financials is still number</b>
[00:25:42.640]
<b>two and we will see how the financial sort of</b>
[00:25:45.760]
<b>sector overall absorbs the hits from, or</b>
[00:25:48.960]
<b>concerns about, private credit. Like I said, what intrigues</b>
[00:25:51.800]
<b>me most about financials is the fact that valuation</b>
[00:25:54.800]
<b>has provided a lot of support.</b>
[00:25:56.480]
<b>It doesn't mean you have to have upside but it does</b>
[00:25:59.560]
<b>mean your downside is more limited than you think, which</b>
[00:26:02.320]
<b>means that you create a risk-reward for something to go</b>
[00:26:05.640]
<b>right. I'm still intrigued by the</b>
[00:26:08.680]
<b>financial sector.</b>
[00:26:10.040]
<b>Then within consumer discretionary I'm intrigued by</b>
[00:26:12.800]
<b>homebuilders and the housing sector which has been in</b>
[00:26:15.840]
<b>its own rolling recession which, again, if crude shocks</b>
[00:26:19.120]
<b>act almost like a disinflation, like a tariff, like</b>
[00:26:22.240]
<b>a tax, and high prices cure high prices, we might still</b>
[00:26:25.440]
<b>see that sustainable degradation of disinflation,</b>
[00:26:28.600]
<b>which means that rates can be lower over time, which means</b>
[00:26:30.920]
<b>that mortgage rates are lower as well, which I think just</b>
[00:26:33.320]
<b>recently dipped below six, which creates a much</b>
[00:26:36.400]
<b>better situation for the housing entirely.</b>
[00:26:39.480]
<b>Valuation on relative price-to-book is also in the bottom</b>
[00:26:42.520]
<b>quartile, which means that if you think that there's bad</b>
[00:26:44.720]
<b>news in the housing market a lot of that is also priced in.</b>
[00:26:47.840]
<b>Those are sort of my top three, industrials, financials and</b>
[00:26:50.400]
<b>consumer discretionary.</b>
[00:26:51.400]
<b>On the bottom three I'll say consumer staples and</b>
[00:26:53.800]
<b>utilities, the two classic defensive sectors.</b>
[00:26:57.000]
<b>I think that the more they rotate in terms of concerns</b>
[00:27:00.440]
<b>over what might happen with the oil price spike</b>
[00:27:03.760]
<b>the more likely I am to be underweight.</b>
[00:27:05.960]
<b>I don't own them but if I did those would be sort of my</b>
[00:27:08.760]
<b>go-to sales. I'm going to have to add in energy.</b>
[00:27:11.560]
<b>Again, I'm not going to tell you that I'm going to be right</b>
[00:27:13.000]
<b>over the next month or two but I'm going to tell you why I</b>
[00:27:15.200]
<b>think it, after energy price spikes you usually</b>
[00:27:18.200]
<b>see crude fall over the 12 months and you usually</b>
[00:27:21.240]
<b>energy stocks underperform.</b>
[00:27:23.560]
<b>Fascinating. The staples complex and the sort of safety</b>
[00:27:26.320]
<b>defence type stocks were getting an awful lot of attention</b>
[00:27:29.560]
<b>due to the AI disruptions long before even we</b>
[00:27:32.560]
<b>saw the oil story come in there.</b>
[00:27:35.200]
<b>Some lofty interesting moments.</b>
[00:27:37.360]
<b>Denise Chisholm, we are always so grateful to see you.</b>
[00:27:39.680]
<b>Thank you very, very much for sharing your research with us</b>
[00:27:41.480]
<b>and your brains. We'll see you soon.</b>
[00:27:45.360]
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[00:27:47.200]
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[00:28:24.080]
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